Publications

See below for a list of all my publications. These can also be seen on my Google Scholar account or through my ORCiD, 0000-0002-0095-1979.

Most recent first author paper: S. N. Bentley, J. R. Stout, R. L. Thompson, D. J. Ratliff, C. E. J. Watt; Two methods to analyze radial diffusion ensembles: The perils of space- and time-dependent diffusion. Phys. Plasmas 1 November 2024; 31 (11): 112901. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0217268

  1. Patrick, A. M., Coxon, J. C., Bentley, S. N., Walach, M.-T., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., & Lockley, I. S. (2026). “How does the definition of a geomagnetic storm affect the contents of the resulting storm list?”Space Weather, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004857
  2. Allanson, O., Kappas, T., Tyrrell, J., Cunningham, G. S., Brown, M., Garcia, A., Watt, C., Chakraborty, S., Ratliff, D., Rae, J., Bentley, S., Elvidge, S., and Themens, D. 2026. “Diffusion Coefficients for Resonant Relativistic Wave-Particle Interactions Using the PIRAN Code”. In: Earth and Space Science. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EA004479.
  3. Watt, C. E. J., Meredith, N. P., Wong, J., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Chakraborty, S., Bentley, S. N., Allanson, O., and Rodger, C. J. 2025a. “Occurrence Rates and Variability of Whistler-Mode Waves in the Plasma Trough”. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034061.
  4. Killey, S., Rae, I. J., Smith, A. W., Bentley, S. N., Watt, C. E. J., Chakraborty, S., Ozeke, L. G., Walach, M.-T., Sandhu, J. K., and Rasinskaite, D. 2025b. “Identifying Typical Relativistic Electron Pitch Angle Distributions: Evolution During Geomagnetic Storms”. In: Geophysical Research Letters. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112900.
  5. Allcock, Matthew, Pidgeon, Alastair, Black, Gordon, Prestwood, Emily, Frayling, Alyssa, Cucaro, Sara, Lecky, Will, Coxon, John, Smith, Andy, Bentley, Sarah, Watt, Clare, Wicks, Robert, and Rae, Jonathan. 2025. “Severe Space Weather Impacts on UK Critical National Infrastructure”. Starion UK Ltd.
  6. Smith, A. W., Rae, I. J., Forsyth, C., Coxon, J. C., Walach, M.-T., Lao, C. J., Bloomfield, D. S., Reddy, S. A., Coughlan, M. K., Keesee, A., and Bentley, S. 2024. “Space Weather Forecasts of Ground Level Space Weather in the UK: Evaluating Performance and Limitations”. In: Space Weather. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003973.
  7. Bentley, S. N., Stout, J. R., Thompson, R. L., Ratliff, D. J., and Watt, C. E. J. 2024. “Two methods to analyze radial diffusion ensembles: The perils of space- and time-dependent diffusion”. In: Physics of Plasmas. doi: 10.1063/5.0217268.
  8. Smith, A. W., Rae, I. J., Stawarz, J. E., Sun, W. J., Bentley, S. N., and Koul, A. 2024. “Automatic Encoding of Unlabeled Two Dimensional Data Enabling Similarity Searches: Electron Diffusion Regions and Auroral Arcs|. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032096.
  9. Killey, S., Rae, I. J., Chakraborty, S., Smith, A. W., Bentley, S. N., Bakrania, M. R., Wainwright, R., Watt, C. E. J., and Sandhu, J. K. 2023. “Using Machine Learning to Diagnose Relativistic Electron Distributions in the Van Allen Radiation Belts”. In: RAS Techniques and Instruments. doi: 10.1093/rasti/rzad035.
  10. Murphy, K. R., Sandhu, J. K., Rae, I. J., Daggitt, T. A., Glauert, S. A., Horne, R. B., Watt, C. E. J., Bentley, S. N., Kellerman, A. C., Ozeke, L. G., Halford, A. J., Tian, S., Breneman, A., Olifer, L., Mann, I., Angelopoulos, V., and Wygant, J. “A New Four-Component L*-Dependent Model for Radial Diffusion Based on Solar Wind and Magnetospheric Drivers of ULF Waves”. In: Space Weather, doi: 10.1029/2023SW003440.
  11. Murphy, Kyle R., Bentley, Sarah N., Miles, David M., Sandhu, Jasmine K.,
    and Smith, Andy W. 2022. “Imaging the magnetosphere–ionosphere system with
    ground-based and in-situ magnetometers”. In: Magnetospheric Imaging. Elsevier,
    pp. 287–340. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820630-0.00002-7.
  12. Watt, C. E. J., Allison, H. J., Bentley, S. N., Thompson, R. L., Rae, I. J., Allanson,
    O., Meredith, N. P., Ross, J. P. J., Glauert, S. A., Horne, R. B., Zhang, S., Murphy,
    K. R., Rasinskait˙e, D., and Killey, S. 2022. “Temporal variability of quasi-linear
    pitch-angle diffusion”. In: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. doi: 10.3389/fspas.2022.1004634.
  13. Thompson, R. L., Morley, S. K., Watt, C. E. J., Bentley, S. N., and Williams, P. D. 2020 “Pro-L* – A probabilistic L* mapping tool for ground observations”. In: Space Weather. doi: 10.1029/2020SW002602.
  14. Watt, C. E. J., Allison, H. J., Thompson, R. L., Bentley, S. N., Meredith, N.P., Glauert, S. A., Horne, R. B., and Rae, I. J. 2020 “The implications of temporal variability in wave-particle interactions in Earth’s Radiation Belts”. In: Geophysical Research Letters doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089962.
  15. Bentley, S. N., Stout, J., Bloch, T., and Watt, C. E. J. 2020b. “Random forest model of ultra-low frequency magnetospheric wave power”. In: Earth and Space Science. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001274.
  16. Bentley, S. N., Stout, J., Bloch, T., and Watt, C. E. J. 2020a. Dataset: Random forest models of ultra-low frequency magnetospheric wave power. Zenodo, (dataset, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828506). doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3828506.
  17. Allanson, O., Watt, C. E. J., Ratcliffe, H., Allison, H. J., Meredith, N. P., Bentley, S. N., Ross, J. P. J., and Glauert, S. A. 2020. “Particle-in-cell experiments examine electron diffusion by whistler-mode waves: 2. Quasilinear and nonlinear dynamics”. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. doi: 10.1029/2020JA027949.
  18. Macneil, Allan R, Owens, Mathew J, Wicks, Robert T, Lockwood, Mike, Bentley, Sarah N, and Lang, Matthew. Apr. 2020. “The evolution of inverted magnetic fields through the inner heliosphere”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa951.
  19. Allanson, O., Watt, C. E. J., Ratcliffe, H., Meredith, N. P., Allison, H. J., Bentley, S. N., Bloch, T., and Glauert, S. A. 2019. “Particle-in-cell Experiments Examine Electron Diffusion by Whistler-mode Waves: 1. Benchmarking With a Cold Plasma”. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. doi: 10.1029/2019JA027088.
  20. Watt, C. E. J., Allison, H. J., Meredith, N. P., Thompson, R. L., Bentley, S.N., Rae, I. J., Glauert, S. A., and Horne, R. B. 2019. “Variability of Quasilinear Diffusion Coefficients for Plasmaspheric Hiss”. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. doi: 10.1029/2018JA026401.
  21. Rae, I.J., Murphy, K., Watt, C.E.J., Sandhu, J.K., Georgiou, M, Degeling, A, Forsyth, C, Bentley, S.N., Staples, F., and Shi, Q. 2019. “How do Ultra-Low Frequency Waves access the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms?” In: GRL. doi: 10.1029/2019GL082395.
  22. Bentley, S. N., Watt, C. E. J., Rae, I. J., Owens, M. J., Murphy, K., Lockwood, M., and Sandhu, J. K. 2019. “Capturing uncertainty in magnetospheric ultra-low frequency wave models”. In: Space Weather. doi: 10.1029/2018SW002102.
  23. Bentley, S. N. 2019. A probabilistic, empirical model of magnetospheric ultra-low frequency wave power. University of Reading Research Data Archive. (dataset, http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.190). doi: 10.17864/1947.190.
  24. Lockwood, M., Bentley, S.N., Owens, M.J., Barnard, L.A., Scott, C.J., Watt, C.E., and Allanson, O. 2019a. “The Development of a Space Climatology: 1. Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling as a Function of Timescale and the Effect of Data Gaps”. In: Space Weather. doi: 10.1029/2018SW001856.
  25. Lockwood, M., Bentley, S.N., Owens, M.J., Barnard, L.A., Scott, C.J., Watt, C.E., Allanson, O., and Freeman, M.P. 2019b. “The Development of a Space Climatology: 2. The Distribution of Power Input Into the Magnetosphere on a 3-Hourly Timescale”. In: Space Weather. doi: 10.1029/2018SW002016.
  26. Lockwood, M., Bentley, S.N., Owens, M.J., Barnard, L.A., Scott, C.J., Watt, C.E., Allanson, O., and Freeman, M.P. 2019c. “The Development of a Space Climatology: 3. Models of the Evolution of Distributions of Space Weather Variables With Timescale”. In: Space Weather. doi: 10.1029/2018SW002017.
  27. Sandhu, J., Graham, G., Bentley, S., and Coxon, J. 2018. “Autumn MIST 2017”. In: Astronomy and Geophysics. doi: 10 . 1093 / astrogeo /aty083.
  28. Lockwood, M., Owens, M.J., Barnard, L.A., Scott, C.J., Watt, C.E., and Bentley, S. 2018. “Space climate and space weather over the past 400 years: 2. Proxy indicators of geomagnetic storm and substorm occurrence”. In: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017048.
  29. Bentley, S N, Watt, C. E. J., Owens, M. J., and Rae, I. J. 2018. “ULF Wave Activity in the Magnetosphere: Resolving Solar Wind Interdependencies to Identify Driving Mechanisms”. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, doi: 10.1002/2017JA024740.
  30. Watt, C.E.J., Rae, I.J., Murphy, K.R., Anekallu, C., Bentley, S.N., and Forsyth, C. 2017. “The parameterization of wave-particle interactions in the Outer Radiation Belt”. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, doi: 10.1002/2017JA024339.
  31. Lockwood, M., Owens, M.J., Barnard, L.A., Bentley, S., Scott, C.J., and Watt,
    C.E. 2016. “On the origins and timescales of geoeffective IMF”. In: Space Weather. doi: 10.1002/2016SW001375.