{"id":1621,"date":"2025-06-24T09:28:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T09:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.northumbria.ac.uk\/scan\/?page_id=1621"},"modified":"2026-09-09T10:04:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:04:53","slug":"tools-and-visualisations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.northumbria.ac.uk\/scan\/tools-and-visualisations\/","title":{"rendered":"Tools and Visualisations"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1621\" class=\"elementor elementor-1621\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f4584 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e8f4584\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff48cd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff48cd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frameworks &amp; Toolkits<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4884c14 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4884c14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16aef7f e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16aef7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd11a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acd11a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><em>WORK IN PROGRESS&#8230;..<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9e41db e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b9e41db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea90d1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ea90d1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>NHS Counter Fraud Landscape<\/title>\n    \n    <!-- React and ReactDOM (production) -->\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/react@18\/umd\/react.production.min.js\" crossorigin><\/script>\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/react-dom@18\/umd\/react-dom.production.min.js\" crossorigin><\/script>\n\n    <style>\n        \/* All styles scoped to #scan-cfd-root to avoid affecting WordPress theme *\/\n        #scan-cfd-root { font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif; color: #1e293b; box-sizing: border-box; }\n        #scan-cfd-root *, #scan-cfd-root *::before, #scan-cfd-root 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return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', handleResize);\n  }, []);\n  const data = {\n    inner: [{\n      id: 'cfa',\n      label: 'NHS CFA',\n      title: 'NHS Counter Fraud Authority',\n      desc: 'The special health authority charged with identifying, investigating and preventing fraud and other economic crime within the NHS and the wider health group.',\n      isPrimary: true\n    }, {\n      id: 'afu',\n      label: 'DHSC AFU',\n      title: 'Department of Health and Social Care Anti-Fraud Unit',\n      desc: 'The Department of Health and Social Care unit responsible for setting counter-fraud policy and strategy for the health family.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'ukhsa',\n      label: 'UKHSA',\n      title: 'UK Health Security Agency',\n      desc: 'Responsible for protecting every member of the community from the impact of infectious diseases, chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear incidents and other health threats.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA)\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"UKHSA is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). It was officially established on 1 April 2021 to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats including infectious diseases, pandemics, and biological hazards.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"UKHSA was formed following the dissolution of Public Health England (PHE) to strengthen health protection capabilities, consolidate functions from PHE, NHS Test and Trace, and the Joint Biosecurity Centre, and provide central authority for pandemic preparedness and biosecurity.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Surveillance: Tracks infectious diseases and health hazards using data and lab networks.\\nOutbreak Response: Leads national response to pandemics, epidemics, and environmental threats.\\nScience & Research: Conducts public health research including pathogen genomics and vaccine effectiveness.\\nPreparedness: Maintains emergency stockpiles and readiness frameworks.\\nAdvice to Government: Provides evidence-based recommendations on public health threats.\\nFraud and Risk Assurance: Manages an internal Counter Fraud Team for risk prevention and investigation.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"\\u00A32.29bn (2024-25 accounts).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"Approx. 5,860 staff (24-25 accounts).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Unit\",\n        content: \"UKHSA Anti-Fraud Team.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"A small team.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Qualification and Legal Powers\",\n        content: \"The team has a range of qualifications in both investigation and fraud risk\/prevention.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"To investigate all fraud matters internally or against UKHSA. Develops fraud policy, risk assessments, fraud training, awareness roadshows, and compliance with GovS 013 and Managing Public Money.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"UKHSA explore opportunities to work collectively and collaboratively with law enforcement and intelligence partners, as well as other government departments\/agencies and local authorities wherever necessary to effectively progress fraud enquiries.\\n\\nMember of the DHSC Counter Fraud Board, DHSC Counter Fraud Liaison Group and PSFA\\u2019s Community of Practice.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"Detected loss from fraud in 2024-25 was \\u00A3172,098 with a further \\u00A3729,560 recovered (\\u00A3729,057 of the recovered amount related to the Managed Quarantine Service for which UKHSA inherited the liability for the scheme) and an estimated \\u00A3131,753 of fraud was prevented.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"UKHSA investigates a variety of typologies, relating to both internal and external fraud. Internal fraud: dual working, false expenses, false sick leave.\\nExternal fraud: Procurement fraud: inflated invoices, unfulfilled contracts (especially during COVID response).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Internal staff fraud: handled by internal counter fraud team and HR.\\nProcurement fraud: dealt with internally if low value; referred to NHSCFA for major cases.\\nCOVID contract fraud: referred to NHSCFA, police or NCA. Cases are managed following relevant legislation to effect appropriate outcomes in an efficient and effective manner.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'nhsbsa',\n      label: 'NHS BSA',\n      title: 'NHS Business Services Authority',\n      desc: 'Provides a range of critical central services to NHS organisations, NHS contractors, patients and the public.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"NHSBSA is a Special Health Authority and Arm\\u2019s Length Body (ALB) responsible for managing NHS services such as NHS pensions, NHS contractor prescription payments, NHS dental contractor payments, NHS student bursaries, and other financial support schemes. It also hosts the Loss and Fraud Prevention (LFP) team responsible for managing fraud risks.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"NHSBSA was created on 1 October 2005 under the NHS Business Services Authority (Establishment and Constitution) Order 2005 (SI 2005\/2414), following a wider Department of Health review to streamline ALBs. It formally began operations in April 2006 through the merger of five separate bodies: the NHS Pensions Agency, Prescription Pricing Authority, Dental Practice Board, NHS Logistics, and NHS Counter Fraud and Security Management Service (CFSMS) which was later established as a separate body (see NHS CFA).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Primary care: managing contracts, payments, and digital systems for GP surgeries, pharmacies, dentists, and opticians; Citizen Services: Health Exemption Services; Health and Community Services including NHS Healthy Start; Overseas Healthcare Services; Workforce services: Student Services, NHS Jobs, Electronic Staff Record, NHS Pensions; and Adult Social Care Learning Development Support Scheme.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"Nearly \\u00A3989m (2024\\u201325 accounts).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"4,620 (24-25 accounts).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Unit\",\n        content: \"Loss and Fraud Prevention (LFP) Function.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"The LFP team comprises 26 FTE staff, including 6 Loss and Fraud Officers (investigators) and 2 Lead Fraud Specialists and 6 Fraud Specialists (proactive specialists); remainder of posts are split across compliance, culture\/awareness, measurement, detection and prevention activities.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Qualification and Legal Powers\",\n        content: \"All LFP team members are ACFSs. Several of the team are members of the Government Counter Fraud Profession via the FRA discipline, Loss Measurement discipline and Leadership Course.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"Investigates cases raised through whistleblowing, referrals, and data analytics. Carries out fraud risk assessments, delivers training and awareness sessions, and control reviews to embed prevention and detection.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"Part of the 2026 framework document setting out the broad governance framework within which NHSCFA and DHSC operate. Member of the DHSC Counter Fraud Board, DHSC Counter Fraud Liaison Group, NHS Counter Fraud Managers Group, and PSFA\\u2019s Community of Practice. Have operational MoU and data-sharing agreements with NHSCFA.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"5,000 direct referrals to NHS CFA (in 2022-23).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"Main areas of risk by value: procurement and commissioning fraud; patient exemption fraud; data manipulation fraud; community pharmaceutical contractor fraud; GP contractor fraud; optical contractor fraud; dental contractor fraud; NHS staff fraud; fraudulent access to secondary care from overseas visitors; reciprocal healthcare fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Serious\/complex cases: to NHSCFA.\\nPrimary care fraud: to NHS England.\\nAll other suspected fraud, including internal fraud: assessed by NHSBSA LFP Team against their case acceptance criteria.\\nTheft: investigated by the NHSBSA Local Security Management Specialist and sometimes referred to the relevant police force for support.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'cqc',\n      label: 'CQC',\n      title: 'Care Quality Commission',\n      desc: 'The independent regulator of health and social care in England, ensuring health and social care services provide people with safe, effective, compassionate, high-quality care.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'mhra',\n      label: 'MHRA',\n      title: 'Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency',\n      desc: 'Regulates medicines, medical devices and blood components for transfusion in the UK to ensure they meet applicable standards of safety, quality and efficacy.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"Regulator of medicines, medical devices and blood components for transfusion in the UK.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"Established in 2003 by the merger of the Medicines Control Agency (regulating medicines) and the Medical Devices Agency (regulating medical devices) within the Department of Health (Statutory Instruments 1076: the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency Trading Fund Order 2003). Operates under the 1968 Medicines Act, the Medicines and Medical Devices Act 2021 and various Regulations. It has investigatory and enforcement powers under the Consumer Protection Act 1987, the Medical Devices Regulations 2002 and General Product Safety Regulations 2005. It is a DHSC Executive agency.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Responsibilities are to: ensure medicines, medical devices and blood components for transfusion meet applicable standards of safety, quality and efficacy; secure safe supply chain for medicines, medical devices and blood components; address standardisation and harmonisation to assure the effectiveness and safety of biological medicines; educate the public and healthcare professionals about the risks and benefits of medicines, medical devices and blood components.\\n\\nRoles include: licensing medicines; inspecting facilities, including blood banks and testing; approving clinical trials; monitoring medicines safety; enforcement to prevent the illegal supply of unlicensed medicines; oversight of certification of medical devices; e-cigarette and herbal medicine compliance; management of the British Pharmacopoeia, the Office of the Patient Safety Commissioner and United Kingdom Stem Cell Bank. Has a Criminal Enforcement Unit.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"\\u00A3201.8m (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"1,553 (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"Not available; GIAA provide internal audit services.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"NAO stated that main risks of fraud were: posting of unusual journals, complex transactions, and bias in management estimates. Has an Anti-Fraud and Bribery Policy.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"DHSC Counter Fraud Liaison Group.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'hra',\n      label: 'HRA',\n      title: 'Health Research Authority',\n      desc: 'Protects and promotes the interests of patients and the public in health and social care research.',\n      reviewDate: 'April, 2026',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"Health Research Authority (HRA).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"Research regulator which protects and promotes the interests of patients and the public in health research.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"Set up in 2011 as a SHA. Currently governed by Care Act 2014 as an ALB\/NDPB under DHSC.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Make sure that research is ethically reviewed and approved; promote transparency in research; oversee a range of committees and services; coordinate and standardise research regulatory practice; and provide independent recommendations on the processing of identifiable patient information where it is not always practical to obtain consent for research and non-research projects.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"\\u00A320.2m (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"246 (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"Counter fraud governance and control processes fall within Finance team remit. Their fraud champion leads this work, collaborating with Executive Lead \\u2013 Deputy Chief Executive and with assistance from NHS BSA (expert review) and NHS CFA (fraud investigations).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"Staff\/payroll fraud: expenses and employment related.\\nCommercial: procurement and contract management.\\nEthics opinion: bribery\/corruption related to committee.\\nFinance: invoice\/mandate fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"NHS CFA organised.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"None.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"None.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"Not applicable.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Expectation they would access expert support from NHS CFA or NHS BSA.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'nhsr',\n      label: 'NHS Resolutions',\n      title: 'NHS Resolutions',\n      desc: 'Provides expertise to the NHS on resolving concerns fairly, sharing learning for improvement and preserving resources for patient care.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"NHS Resolution.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"Formerly the NHS Litigation Authority (set up in 1995), it was rebranded NHS Resolution in 2017. It is an arm\\u2019s length body (ALB) of the Department of Health and Social Care. Its main functions are the administration of a range of indemnity schemes and associated compensation claims.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"NHS Resolution is a Special Health Authority created under the National Health Service Litigation Authority (Establishment and Constitution) Order 1995 (SI 1995\/2800), made under the NHS Act 1977.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Its main functions are: administering a range of indemnity schemes to cover the risks involved in delivering general practice and secondary healthcare services in England and handling associated compensation claims; providing expert advice and support on the management of concerns about the performance of doctors, dentists and pharmacists; resolving contracting disputes between primary care contractors and commissioners of primary care; providing advice to NHS organisations on claims risk profiles, to target their safety activity.\\n\\nThe bulk of the work is managing negligence claims via seven clinical negligence indemnity schemes and four non-clinical indemnity schemes.\\nIt processes over 17,000 cases annually.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Budget\",\n        content: \"\\u00A371.7m (2023\/24). Annual payments are over \\u00A33billion; monies to NHS Resolutions is on a pay-as-you-go basis from the DHSC or member NHS organisations.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"Approx. 778 (2024).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Unit\",\n        content: \"Not applicable.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"Counter fraud services are provided by the Government Internal Audit Agency (GIAA: see GIAA Fact Sheet).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Qualification and Legal Powers\",\n        content: \"Relevant GIAA staff are LCFS-designated.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"NHS Resolution has an internal Counter Fraud strategy and annual work plan, focusing on Fraud Risk Assessments (FRA) to assess risk and enhanced controls in line with the Government Counter Fraud Functional Standard GovS013 Continuous Improvement Framework. It also commissions internal audits to provide assurance on our fraud controls.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"NHSCFA; DHSC Counter Fraud Liaison Group; Claims and Underwriting Exchange (CUE) central database managed by the Motor Insurance Bureau of motor, home and personal injury\/industrial illness incidents reported to insurance companies.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"Approx. XX cases.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"Not known.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"Exaggerated or fabricated legal claims (clinical negligence, personal injury). Occupational\/public liability fraud. Internal staff fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Clinical negligence or personal injury fraud: to GIAA and NHSCFA. Internal staff fraud: to HR, GIAA, local police if criminal.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'bt',\n      label: 'B&T',\n      title: 'NHS Blood and Transplant',\n      desc: 'An executive non-departmental public body, responsible for managing the supply of blood, organs, stem cells and tissues.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"NHSBT is a special health authority in England and Wales, responsible for the provision of blood, organs, and associated services to the NHS.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"NHSBT was created in October 2005 through the NHS Blood and Transplant (Establishment and Constitution) Order 2005 (SI 2005\/2529) made under the NHS Act 1977 (consolidated into the 2006 Act). This merged the National Blood Authority and the UK Transplant Authority into a single Special Health Authority to unify and improve services related to blood and organ donation.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Blood Donation: recruits donors, collects, tests, processes, and distributes blood and components to NHS hospitals; Organ Donation and Transplantation: manages UK-wide organ donation and transplantation services, including donor matching and allocation; Tissue and Stem Cell Services: collects and supplies human tissues and stem cells for transplantation and research; Diagnostic & Clinical Services: provides specialist diagnostic services including histocompatibility testing and clinical transplant support; Research and Innovation: conducts research and develops new technologies in transfusion, transplantation, and regenerative medicine; Public Engagement: promotes donation awareness and ethical practice through education, outreach, and stakeholder engagement.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"Over \\u00A3650m (24-25 accounts).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"Over 6,500 (24-25 accounts).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"0.5 (of the NHSBT financial services manager).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Qualification and Legal Powers\",\n        content: \"The staff member is LCFS designated.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"NAO stated that main areas of fraud risk were: revenue recognition, posting of unusual journals, complex transactions, bias in management estimates and the valuation of property, plant and equipment. Work involves investigations with HR into internal fraud and theft but passes anything criminal to the local police or NHSCFA; conducts staff training and awareness raising.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"Part of the 2026 framework document setting out the broad governance framework within which NHSCFA and DHSC operate to ensure a coordinated fraud response as part of business planning processes. Member of the DHSC Counter Fraud Board, DHSC Counter Fraud Liaison Group and NHS Counter Fraud Managers Group.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"3 cases were brought forward from the previous year, two were closed during 2024-25, and one remains ongoing; 2 new cases were opened, investigated and concluded during the year; 5 new cases were opened and were ongoing at the end of the financial year.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"Not available.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"Internal expenses, dual working, petrol theft, timesheets fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Serious: to NHSCFA; Theft: to local force; Low Value: dealt with as HR issue.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'nice',\n      label: 'NICE',\n      title: 'National Institute for Health and Care Excellence',\n      desc: 'Provides national guidance and advice to improve health and social care.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"Guidance for health and care practitioners, which includes rigorous, independent assessment of complex evidence for new health technologies.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"Was a SHA in 1999. Reconstituted as an ALB through Health and Social Care Act 2012 and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Constitution and Functions) and the Health and Social Care Information Centre (Functions) Regulations 2013.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Guidelines cover: clinical, social care, public health, and medicines practice; technology appraisals; interventional procedures; medical technologies; diagnostics and highly specialised technologies.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"\\u00A386m (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"810 (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"0. Internal audit provider GIAA.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"NAO noted main risk areas: revenue recognition, posting of unusual journals, complex transactions and bias in management estimates. NICE has a counter fraud, bribery and corruption strategy and policy and response plan.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"Active member of the DHSC\\u2019s Anti-Fraud Unit, Member of the DHSC Counter Fraud Board, DHSC Counter Fraud Liaison Group.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"None reported. Part of the Government\\u2019s National Fraud Initiative \\u2013 182 data matches were investigated and concluded all were staff and stakeholders with dual roles, with no indication of fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"None.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"Not applicable.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Finance team; internal auditor; DHSC AFU.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'nta',\n      label: 'HTA',\n      title: 'Human Tissue Authority',\n      desc: 'Regulates the removal, storage, use and disposal of human bodies, organs and tissue for a number of scheduled purposes.',\n      reviewDate: 'April, 2026',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"Human Tissue Authority (HTA).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"As a regulator, the HTA monitors, inspects and regulates organisations that remove, store and use human tissue for research, medical treatment, post-mortem examination, education and training, and display in public. It also gives approval for organ and bone marrow donations from living people.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"Set up by the 2004 Human Tissue Act, the HTA is a DHSC ALB, set up after events in the 1990s that revealed a culture in hospitals of removing and retaining human organs and tissue without consent.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"The regulatory role is defined by legislation in terms of what actions or activities involving human tissue are covered, licensing arrangements, powers of inspection, entry, search and seizure, corporate liability, trafficking, and prosecution.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"\\u00A35.9m (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"56.9 (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"None. GIAA are internal auditor and undertake risk, GovS:13 reviews, etc.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"Fraud risks are expense fraud, supplier or other payment fraud, theft and payroll fraud. Additionally, NAO stated that risk areas were: posting of unusual journals and complex transactions.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"ALB Counter Fraud Liaison Group.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"None. Quarterly submissions are made to the DHSC Anti-Fraud Unit (DHSC AFU) in compliance with the government counter fraud functional standard GovS 013. HTA also took part in the Government\\u2019s National Fraud Initiative (NFI), receiving one data match which was investigated and concluded not related to fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"None.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"None.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Through internal auditor.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'hfea',\n      label: 'HFEA',\n      title: 'Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority',\n      desc: 'The UK\\'s independent regulator of fertility treatment and research using human embryos.',\n      sections: [{\n        heading: \"Organisation\",\n        content: \"Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Main Function\",\n        content: \"Independent regulator of fertility treatment and research using human embryos.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Background and Legal Status\",\n        content: \"Role and functions set by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (as amended) and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008. Powers of entry, inspection, search and seize.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Roles and Responsibilities\",\n        content: \"Licensing, monitoring and inspecting fertility clinics; compliance with legislation.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual Operating Expenditure\",\n        content: \"\\u00A37.3m (2024-25 annual report).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Staff\",\n        content: \"85 (2024-25 annual report: part of finance and resources team staffing shared with the Human Tissue Authority up to December 2025, and facilities management service is shared with the five other DHSC ALBs in same premises).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Total FTE Fraud Staff\",\n        content: \"None; responsibility lies with GIAA as internal audit; review was conducted by the Department of Health and Social Care Anti-Fraud Unit (which also provides investigation capacity if needed).\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Remit\",\n        content: \"NAO identified risk of fraud associated with: posting of unusual journals, complex transactions, and bias in management estimates. HFEA notes issues with donor and recipient identity fraud; clinic misconduct. Has Fraud Risk Assessments, Action Plan and Strategy.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Fraud Network\",\n        content: \"The DHSC-chaired Counter Fraud Liaison Group. Now chaired by NHSCFA.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Annual No of Cases\",\n        content: \"1.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Loss (\\u00A3)\",\n        content: \"For the one case (Operation Ribble), the loss to HFEA c\\u00A320k, loss to the supplier is not known but likely to be in excess of c\\u00A350k.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Type\",\n        content: \"SIM card fraud \/ Occupational fraud.\"\n      }, {\n        heading: \"Case Handling and Allocation\",\n        content: \"Previously managed by DHSC AFU with HFEA staff support.\"\n      }]\n    }, {\n      id: 'nhse',\n      label: 'NHSE',\n      title: 'NHS England',\n      desc: 'Leads the National Health Service (NHS) in England, setting the priorities and direction of the NHS and encouraging and informing the national debate to improve health and care.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'hssib',\n      label: 'HSSIB',\n      title: 'Health Services Safety Investigations Body',\n      desc: 'Conducts independent investigations of patient safety concerns in NHS-funded care across England.'\n    }],\n    middle: [{\n      id: 'giaa',\n      label: 'GIAA',\n      title: 'Government Internal Audit Agency',\n      desc: 'Provides internal audit and assurance services across a wide range of central government departments and public bodies.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'dhsc',\n      label: 'DHSC',\n      title: 'Dept of Health & Social Care',\n      desc: 'The government department responsible for government policy on health and adult social care matters in England.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'icbs',\n      label: 'ICBs',\n      title: 'Integrated Care Boards',\n      desc: 'Statutory NHS organisations responsible for developing a plan for meeting the health needs of the population, managing the NHS budget and arranging for the provision of health services in the area.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'psfa',\n      label: 'PSFA',\n      title: 'Public Sector Fraud Authority',\n      desc: 'Works with government departments and public bodies to understand and reduce the impact of fraud against the public sector.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'dwp',\n      label: 'DWP',\n      title: 'Department for Work & Pensions',\n      desc: 'Responsible for welfare, pensions and child maintenance policy. Often collaborates on fraud cases involving overlapping benefits.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'trusts',\n      label: 'Health Trusts',\n      title: 'NHS Trusts & Foundation Trusts',\n      desc: 'Organisations within the NHS that serve either a geographical area or a specialised function (like ambulance or mental health services).'\n    }, {\n      id: 'lcfs',\n      label: 'LCFS',\n      title: 'Local Counter Fraud Specialist',\n      desc: 'Specialists embedded within Health Trusts and Health Boards to tackle fraud at a local level.'\n    }, {\n      id: 'nfi',\n      label: 'NFI',\n      title: 'National Fraud Initiative',\n      desc: 'A data matching exercise conducted by the Cabinet Office to assist in the prevention and detection of fraud.'\n    }],\n    outer: [{\n      id: 'nao',\n      label: 'National Audit Office',\n      title: 'National Audit Office',\n      desc: 'The UK\\'s independent public spending watchdog. 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